Global Free Energy Blog

News: Detailed measurements of my “Tiny Orbo Replication” show 170% efficiency. See the Tiny orbo replication 170 efficient article for details.

Outline of Piezo & Diode research

Over 1.3 volts @ over 1 uA. Please read on to see what this means. The experiments began in December 2007. The results were difficult to believe. Highly shielded diodes produced DC current and voltage! After this was verified time after time with dozens of various meters using advice from senior EE’s while testing out in rural areas, the question was, “Why hasn’t conventional  taken note of this diode effect?”  One possible reason is that the slightest disturbance can temporarily destroy the diodes ability to produce the voltage. When the diode is in the disturbed state, it can take weeks, sometimes months to cover. Another reasons is that it’s too easy to explain away such effects as external RF energy. Also, such measurements require special equipment such as an electrometer.

Nearly two years of extensive experiments has revealed a lot. Every possible known effect that might be causing the voltage has been analyzed, including electrochemical reactions. The diodes were placed metal shielding, usually at least two layers, and sometimes three layers (small, medium, and large). Diode experiments were conducted in various rural areas, underneath the ground. Diodes were also tested inside an oil bath, yielding the same results, a voltage.

It turns out this effect is exceptionally sensitive. Currents, temperature gradients, or vibrations can place the diode in the disturbed state. I was fortunate in that my first diode array was placed inside a thick Hammond metal shield for ~ three weeks before I began taking voltage measurements, and with a special voltage meter.

Eventually a pattern was noticed. The stabilized voltage produced by a diode properly loaded produced ~ 10 pA DC, regardless of the diode or how many diodes. One diode or numerous diodes in parallel produced the same current, 10pA. Dozens of different meters were used. The electrometer had an input bias current of only 2.2 fA (2.2E-15 amps).

Another pattern was noticed. The stabilized DC voltage seemed to be relative to what is commonly called the zero bias resistance, Ro, also written as Rz. A diode with twice the zero bias resistance produced ~ twice the DC voltage.

The above refers to the *stabilized* DC voltage. It appears the undisturbed shielded diode that is not connected to a load builds up a charge over time that far exceeds it’s parallel capacitance, Cj0. When the diode is connected to a load, this charge is released, and can far exceed 10 pA. I have theorized that the charge comes from a decrease in depletion width. According to conventional semiconductor physics, the depletion width in the diode is a separation of charges that produces an electric field. Diode tests have shown that the diodes resistance, Ro, changes.

As the aforementioned charge is being released, the current will far exceed 10 pA. Once the charge is fully released, the diode will stabilize and continue to produce ~ 10 pA DC current through the load so long as the diode is not disturbed. It is believed that the best method of producing the most power, on average, is to never allow the diode to reach the stabilized 10 pA level. For example, a load is connected to a diode, say it produces 500 pA, and after 1 minute the current has decayed to 100 pA. In such a case, it appears that it is best to disconnect the load to allow the diode to recover again where it can once again start producing the 500 pA, and this cycle is repeated over and over. According to all of the data, paralleling diodes decreases the produced *stabilized* DC power because the net resistance is half, but the current remains the same at ~ 10 pA. Although, it is also believed that paralleling diodes will increase the net power if the diode is cycled between load & no load, thus never allowing the current to reach 10 pA while loaded.

After ~ two years of experiments, the highest stabilized DC voltage produced by a single diode was 0.353 volts. This diode successfully charged a low leakage 1.0 uF capacitor to 0.353 volts. The diode was connected to only one thing, the low leakage capacitor. After 10 hours, an appropriate voltage meter was connected to the capacitor, which showed 0.353 volts, which BTW comes to 9.8 pA. Extensive tests were performed, which showed that the diode charges the low leakage capacitor time after time while inside a metal chassis. Various testing methods were used, including a small mechanical tilt switch and a small electrometer circuit, all contained inside the metal chassis.

Various people have measured the DC voltage produced by the diode while contained inside a metal shield. Eventually a EE (Electrical Engineer), by profession, replicated my diode experiment, where to his surprise he measured 74 mV. Other scientists, by profession, some with PhD’s have measured over 400 mV from a diode.

A EE decided to use a piezo as a capacitor, where the diode would charge the piezo, which would in turn change the piezos width. He was going to use special equipment to detect the change in width. To his utter surprise, he learned that the piezo itself produced DC voltage & current! According to his Electrometer, his piezo produced over 3 volts. I immediately went to Radio Shack and bought a piezo element, part number 273-073. After going home, I got a voltage meter, placed it in 400 mV mode (the ultra high input resistance mode, ~ 15 Gohm) connected the meter to the piezo element, and to my surprise it saturated the meter, which meant the voltage was over 400 mV. When the meter was placed in a higher voltage setting where the input resistance was nearly 1000 times less, 20 Mohm, the measured voltage was below the meters resolution. This means the piezo requires a special voltage meter to detect the voltage, same goes for diodes.

Months of testing the piezo have shown the same results, that the piezo produces DC current & voltage. The piezo is contained in two shields. A metal chassis to shield against external RFI and stray charges, and that is contained inside a thick layer of thermal insulation to shield against temperature gradients. Once the piezo is highly shielded, it will stabilize. Initially the piezo produces a good amount of DC current, over 1 uA, but this slowly decays over time. To my surprise, the *stabilized* DC current produced by the piezo was … ~ 10 pA! There it was again, that 10 pA. What is so special about 10 pA?

This lead to a link between diodes and piezos. Both have a strong internal electric field. In the diode the electric field is produced by the contact of dissimilar elements at the junction. In the piezo the electric field is produced by electric dipoles due to a remanent polarization from the ferroelectric material, as seen in ferroelectric hysteresis curves. So in both cases we are dealing with a strong electric field. According to this theory, the undisturbed Electret should also produce voltage. According to John Hutchison, his latest “free energy” batteries are made of Electrets. An Electret produces a strong permanent electric field. There it is again, the strong electric field. According to this theory, the obvious comes to mind to simply create a man made electric field across to plates, place two insulator plates on the inner conductive plates, then place some dielectric material inside the all of that, and then wait up to ~ three weeks to see if a DC voltage begins to produce across the dielectric material.

So how much power can a simple component produce? If we completely drain the stored charge, it appears the component will produce ~ 10 pA indefinitely. The Radio Shack piezo produced ~ 10 pA for about a month and kept doing so until I decided to end the experiment. Although, it appears that if we disconnect the load far before the component reaches 10 pA, so as to allow it to recover, then the average DC current should be far above 10 pA. In such a case, the net power depends on the component itself, such as the materials, design, and it’s size. A man by the name Marcus Reid has been making what he calls Crystal batteries for ~ a decade now. One of his crystal batteries has produce ~ 1 mW for ~ a decade with short recovery periods. What is interesting is that his Crystal batteries slowly decay over time, just as diodes & piezos, and completely recovers when the load is momentarily disconnected to allow the device to recover.

So what does “Over 1.3 volts @ over 1 uA” mean? That is present record that a single shielded piezo element has produced. A Radio Shack piezo element, part number 273-073 continues to light a red LED for almost a second about twice per day. That may not sound like much, but according to conventional physics it should not be happening.

Replicating

Parts list:

• One Radio Shack piezo element, part number 273-073, $1.99
• One efficient red LED, part number TLCR5800, $0.27
• One Metal Ball Ice Cube Tilt Switch, purchased at Surplus Electronics Sales for $0.60 each.
• Any size Hammond diecast Aluminum chassis. Small ones are ~ $7.

Total: $9.86 + S&H. I do *not* sell these parts. I am not making any money from this. These parts are purchased at various stores– mouser.com, radioshack.com, and surplus-electronics-sales.com. I have no affiliation with these companies.

First cover the hole in the piezo plastic casing to prevent atmospheric changes from having any appreciable effect. Be very gentle so as not to disturb the piezo! Soldered or twist the wires together. If soldered, then quickly dab the iron with solder on the wires, otherwise you’ll severely disturb the piezo, in which case it could take weeks to fully recover. The piezo black wire will be the positive voltage. The piezo black wire connects to the LEDs *long* pin, and the piezo red wire to one of the tilt switches pins. The other tilt switch pin is connected to the other LED pin. All of this is contained inside the Hammond chassis. Drill a small hole through the chassis, and place the LED up against the hole such that you can see the LED. When the entire setup is tilted, the tilt switch will close the circuit, and the piezo will discharge through the LED, which you will clearly see in a pitch dark room. You might want to give your eyes ~ 5 minutes to adjust to the pitch dark room. Although, in all of my experiments the piezo has lighted the red LED so bright that it’s viewable in a normally lighted room. It is also advisable to seal the inside of the chassis around the LED. You can use epoxy, or possibly silicon sealant.

Various theories:

Please visit the Theories page.

How to help:

If you would like to help, then *please* consider replicating the above simple experiment, and then conducting further experiments. If you wish, you may contact me. Also you can help by recommending other qualified scientists to help.

Is this a scam:

No! Please allow me to be as blunt and specific as possible. I am not selling anything. I have never sold anything pertaining to this research. All of the information is 100% free. I have given ~ four to five years of my life, full time, for this research. I never have and never will accept donations of any kind for this research. A few people have mailed me parts to be tested, but such parts will be returned or forwarded on to someone else. When such a device can produce as much DC power as a common store bought battery of equal size, and when such a device can outlast said common battery, then the research is complete, and I will start a company to begin selling such devices, but the exact designs to build such a battery will be freely available, and I will encourage as many people as possible to spread the news and begin making their own batteries. My goal is to obtain global clean green “free energy” to help this world as much as possible!

A few photos:

Early diode experiments: A close up shot of the fiber optic cable output coming from the Hammond metal shield while the electrometer circuit was turned on. The picture is grainy because the room lights were off.

An older diode array closeup photo. It may look like a sloppy solder job, but you try and hand solder 156 of these microscopic diodes.  Very tedious! It’s 156 in-series SMS7630 diodes known in the industry as Zero Bias Resistance diodes. Soldering each of these diodes together was truly a nightmare due to their exceptionally small size. A good magnifying glass is required. As always, my diodes were contained in at least two layers of metal shielding during tests. This diode array was also tested extensively inside an oil bath.

The first known diode array that was designed to see if diodes produce a DC voltage. This diode array was built by Tom Schum. It consists of 1024 1N34A diodes, 32 in-parallel, 32 in-series. The predicted DC voltage is 0.5 uV. The average DC voltage taken from measurements was 0.57 uV. Tom tested this diode array inside a Hammond metal shield. Although Tom Schum did not complete the research by conducting rural experiments. Also, the low DC voltage of only 0.57 uV was considered inconclusive. Recent measurements of single diodes producing as much as 0.353 volts is conclusive.

A photo of what is named “the Beast V2,” a metal shield made of 1/4 inch thick steel walls. In this photo, the Beast is being buried two feet under ground. The extremely small voltage meter is inside the Beast, which goes to an LED amplifier, which produces light through a fiber optic cable that goes out of the ground to a shielded photo detector circuit. This experiment was on 40 in-series SMS7630 diodes. The SMS7630 are microwave diodes made by SkyWorks Inc., each with a solid opaque black plastic case.

A photo of the Beast V2 without the top metal lid. In this photo the Beast is a bit dirty, as it was just removed from being buried two feet under ground. The Beast has been through a lot, traveled to various rural and urban locations.

This is one of the older tests where the Beast V2 was buried two feet under ground. In this particular setup an oscilloscope was connected to the final output stage to view the signal. I have used dozens of different types of voltage meter circuits. This particular design used what is known as a differentiator. The input stage of a differentiator uses a low leakage capacitor, which separates the diode array from the op-amp input. Also an appropriate mechanical switch connects between the diode array and the differentiator capacitor. A thin line was used to remotely close the mechanical switch, such that the switch would close when the line was slightly pulled. The diode array was given sufficient time to charge the 47 uF low leakage capacitors. When the line was pulled, the charge contained in the 47 uF capacitors discharged into the differentiator, which produces a pulse as seen in the oscilloscope screen. The scope is in scroll mode. So the data scrolls left. Such tests were the initial experiments done ~ two years ago on diodes that had low Rz resistance, 5500 ohms. The DC voltages, according to theory, should be low, in this case 55 nV per diode, which is very close to measured values. This experiment was on an array made of 40 in-series SMS7630 diode. The predicted DC voltage for the diode array is 2.2 uV. Typical measured voltages was in the 1.5 uV to 2.5 uV. Back then it was a challenge to measure the DC voltages, as they were in the low microvolt region, which is why a bit of noise is seen on the scope. New diode experiments do not have such challenges, as the new diodes produce DC voltages in the *hundreds millivolts*. The record so far is 1.10 volt. Measuring such voltage levels is extremely easy.

Metal Ball Ice Cube Tilt Switch, purchased at Surplus Electronics Sales for $0.60 each.

Hammond diecast Aluminum chassis.

Your email:

 

Name

Mail (will not be published)

Website