Global Free Energy Blog

The recent link between the diode and crystal battery research is huge. Instead of having trillions of microscopic diodes fabricated on a chip, a much better method is to use a Electret with ultra high Pr, electric remanent polarization.

This means that anyone will be able to make such a device, by mixing the correct materials, melting it, applying the polarizing DC electric field, wait, and cool. Once cooled, wait ~ three weeks for the material to become undisturbed. That’s it, you have a device that provides endless usable amounts of power.

It appears all of the research is now becoming clear on a theoretical level. The research claims the key ingredient in the diode is the built in voltage due to the contact of two dissimilar materials. The research claims the key ingredient in the crystal batteries is the polarized molecules, an Electret. The difference being, that it requires highly specialized equipment to create microscopic diodes, but anyone can make a Electret battery.

IMO the main doubting issue in the crystal batteries was if it’s due to electrochemical reactions. The diode research has solved that since there are no measurable electrochemical reactions in diodes. Furthermore, that theory has been heavily tested. Diodes with larger contact area actually produce less stabilized DC power. Also, tests have shown that the diode would not accept a charged. Even Alkaline batteries accept a charge. Diodes do not. Then came the piezo, a pure polarized crystal that has no electrochemical reactions, that produced thousands of times more DC power than the best LED’s.

The electrochemical theory is dead. Given all of the present data that I’m aware of, it appears the major key is in finding materials with the highest Pr, remanent polarization. And to make an Electret battery last longer we want material with high Ec, coercivity. Higher Ec means that it will take ambient thermal energy longer to destroy the polarized electric field built into the material. This is akin to ambient thermal energy slowly demagnetizing a permanent magnet. All things decay over time, including NdFeB magnets. It might take thousands of years for ambient thermal energy to demagnetize the NdFeB magnet, but it will occur. Even subatomic particles eventually decay, as they have a life span. Materials with sufficient Ec will provide an Electret battery that will last a lifetime or longer.

How can you help? To start, please visit the threads at overunity.com forum on Crystal batteries, Marcus Reid, John Hutchison. Here’s a link to one of such threads, Crystal Power CeLL by John Hutchison. There you can find various people who have worked on such batteries. With enough help we can find the materials to build an Electret battery capable of producing a lot of DC power. We need people with perseverance, the new Thomas Edison’s, to start mixing and making such batteries! A lot of the batteries I read about in such forum threads are fully capable of lighting up an efficient LED.

The Radio Shack 273-073 piezo is doing better than anticipated. For what seems to be about an hour or two the DC current has jumped to 20’s pA range.

Note, this piezo can produce a lot more DC current, in the hundreds of pA. Such tests are on a disturbed element that has been producing DC power for days.

As stated in the previous blog post, yesterday the Radio Shack piezo, part number 273-073, was shorted the entire day across the Keithley meter while measuring the DC current. BTW, the piezo was already appreciably disturbed prior to yesterdays measurements. Initially the piezo produced a relatively large amount of DC current, but within hours decayed to about 10 pA where it stay for a good part of the day, and then quickly dropped well below 1 pA.

Today, the 273-073 piezo started off with about 14 pA, and has been slowly oscillating between that and 0.7 pA. It could be getting ready to jump to a lower energy level.

Interestingly enough, the 10 pA has made itself known to the piezo’s as well! What is with 10 pA? Is it some Universal constant, perhaps an unknown Universal flow? I think the 10 pA represents the stabilized constant current, and will probably not be used on commercial batteries. Both the diodes and piezo’s have shown that they produce hundreds to thousands and possibly more times more DC current when recovered. So it makes sense to never allow the components to get down to the 10 pA level. Such components should go through a cycle of load/unload. The the current reaches a certain point, it would be best to unload the component to allow it to recover.

IMO, the idea of placing components in paralleling and in series will not be necessary in the end for a retail product. Simply one large component should work.  What the data seems to show is that regardless of how large the component is, or how many are in parallel or in series, it will eventually reach the 10 pA level, but that does not mean that larger units will not produce more *initial* current than a smaller unit. Don’t get me wrong, placing diodes in-series was vitally important, as it brought the DC voltage levels high enough for instruments to easily detect the DC voltage to prove the concept.

I’m getting enthusiastic to receive my fancy MCU board, which is loaded with goodies such as 3-axis accelerometers –>

http://www.sparkfun.com/commerce/product_info.php?products_id=8298

This board has built in SD card, which will allow for long term data logging, pretty much as long as needed. Then we’ll start seeing some data logging. The crystal elements (piezo’s and such) will be inside the first metal shield, going to the small electrometer chip, which will probably go to an optocoupler. The output wires of the optocoupler will go through a small pin hole in the shield, which will go to the data logger. The data logger will be inside the second metal shield.

The following is part of an email sent to someone who’s researched and built Crystal batteries. Note, diodes are also made with Crystals. Example, monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon. Months ago the diode research crossed paths with the Crystal battery (for lack of better term right now) research. Present research is now on piezo’s, and will probably switch to Electrets. We’ll have to see if the crystal state is the key, and/or if it’s due to the high built in electric field. In diodes, the built in field is typically 15 V/um, which comes to 12 V/um * 2 um = 24 V, where 2 um is the depletion width. For piezo’s it’s typically 0.25 V/um, which comes to 250 V for a 1 mm thick piezo. That is not to say such a diode with 2 um depletion width will produce 24 volts, but it’s a relative rating. That maximum DC voltage produced by a single diode was 1/3 of a volt, while the maximum DC voltage produced by a piezo was 3 volts.

As publicly stated in the past, when my diode research is complete, and proven to produce DC power when highly shield, then and only then will I begin thinking about starting a company to sell such devices. This does not violate my public statement, as the statement has always clearly stated that it is regarding my research.

It’s already safe to say that the diode has proven time after time to produce DC power when highly shielded, even within a cave far out in a rural area while inside two layers of metal shielding. So far various scientists have indeed confirmed my research, that the diode produces DC power inside metal shielding using an electrometer. The scientists I am referring to are scientists by profession. In fact, it was a professional EE that discovered that the piezo produces DC power while he was working on my diode research.

This does *not* mean I will now start a company to sell such batteries, as the research is *not* complete. The power levels are still far to low. One could only guesstimate when the research will reach a point where the devices produce enough to market, but my best guesstimate is that in 1/2 to 1 year from today the power levels could reach 100 mW. For the moment, such devices could light an LED for awhile, followed by a recover period, and repeated endlessly, or at least present data shows that the devices will always recover. Theoretically, a device that continually lights the LED would be made of multiple units that take turns producing the power. Presently there are two methods of lighting the LED. One is by allowing an undisturbed LED array to charge a low leakage capacitor, and then discharging that across an efficient LED. A better method is to connect an undisturbed piezo element to an LED. For the moment, the amount of light produced is exceptionally low, so the person should be inside a dark room. As always, such experiments have been conducted in highly shielded environments.

As to where *most* of the energy comes from is still unknown, although I have a theory & hypothesis. The diode most likely rectifies Johnson noise, but due to the extremely low bandwidth of most diodes at so-called thermal equilibrium the DC voltage from such rectification is most likely lower than we can detect. This is still unknown. It’s unknown if the energy is from ambient thermal energy, but it appears the main effect is *not* due to the rectification of Johnson noise. A new hypothesis, that is looking interesting so far, shows there is a continuous unknown flow of energy from the positively charged particle to the negative, that slowly builds up over time, that has a small effect on charged particles such as electrons. Such a flow of unknown energy might slowly dragging the electrons to produce current and potential.

I was playing with a Piezo ignition today, and got hammered. Man those things hurt. It must have produced at least a few thousand volts. Piezo ignition can easily produce 12,000 volts. It’s amazing that a crystal can produce that much voltage.

Afterwards I measured the DC voltage produce by the Piezo ignition while not in use, and it was producing 20 mV, and climbing. That must have greatly disturbed it.

Here’s one of the first screen shots of EE-B4 data logging –>

As you can see in this graph, his piezo is pumping out a lot of current then it’s now. In the above graph it’s nearly 400 pA. This is how the diodes behave as well, which is the DC current and voltage are high after the diode has rested/recovered. After awhile the component needs to recover.

Preface: EE-B4 is the name I gave one of the EE’s I’m working with on the diode research, which seems to have now changed to piezo research, which is essentially a crystal. Hmm, come to think of it, the Silicon in diodes is also a crystal! Either a-Si (monocrystalline Silicon), or p-Si (polycrystalline).

I went to Radio Shack today, a retail store, and bought a Piezo element, part number 273-073. I took my AM-240, which was tested at having an input resistance of ~ 15 *giga* ohms in 400 mV mode. In ~~ one minute the DC voltage climbed to over 400 mV. So that was … wow, very interesting, LOL! Then, what the heck, I bumped the meter up to the next voltage mode, 4 volt mode, know that it would most likely shunt the piezo’s voltage since the input resistance in this mode was tested at 20 *mega* ohms. To no surprise, the DC voltage was indeed shunted. BTW, the DC voltage was negative as EE-B4 shows in the graphs.

Okay, so that at least confirms EE-B4 was telling the truth! Trust is built with experiences.

Anyhow, for those who intend to replicate this expensive big $2 experiment, , please note that you *must* have an ultra high input resistance voltage meter, or –>

• Place ~ 1 uF low leakage capacitor across the Piezo element.
• Wait ~~ 5 minutes. I’m guessing here since I have not timed how long the 273-073 piezo would take to charge the 1 uF. Note, if you leave the capacitor on the piezo too long, then the DC voltage will most likely will drop at an equally fast rate because it appears that the piezo oscillates for a long time after it reaches peak until it settles down to … we don’t know yet.
• *Quickly* measure the DC voltage across the capacitor. If you meter is 20 Mohm Rin, then the meter will drop the capacitors voltage at a rate of ~ 20% per 4 seconds.

Anyhow, my recommendation is to not disturb the piezo, and just take the measurement because according to EE-B4’s data logging update, it appears that the piezo shows the same symptoms as diodes, the TED effect!

The 273-073 piezo has 30 nF according to my meter.

One final comment, I did not place a 1 uF capacitor across the 273-073 piezo element. … There’s nothing like the proper equipment, and in this case it’s an ultra high input resistance meter.

The piezo news has changed the schedule/goals. Here’s the new one –>

1a. See if directly paralleling the piezo’s equates to more DC power.

1b. If 1a, above, results in less or same DC power by paralleling piezo’s, then place ~ 5 piezo’s in series, and then parallel a few of those such that no two piezo is in direct parallel connection. See if this indirect paralleling method produces more DC power & current.

2. If parallel = more DC power, then see if the same type of piezo, but smaller, equates to the same or perhaps more DC power. The diode experiments have shown that smaller diodes would equate to more DC power due to higher Rz.

3. If smaller piezo’s = same or more DC power, then calculate the size each piezo element would have to be in order to produce a usable amount of power, which would at least permanently light an efficient LED, 200 nA * 1.3 V = 260 nW. Get a cost estimate to have such a piezo/crystal chip built.

4. Search for better materials, perhaps trying the ones Marcus Reid used, or the materials John Hutchison used, or something we think might work even better.

Personally I would tend to believe that paralleling the piezo elements would result in more DC power because it appears the piezo is not limited to the 10 pA DC current. This might be due to the fact that the piezo is not a single diode, but might consist of countless individual microscopic diodes. The piezo element is made by mixing elements, heating while applying sufficient DC current, and cooling. That’s the exact process I’ve outlined in making a diode battery.

Here’s an email recently sent to one of the EE’s

EE-B4 has informed me that he shorted the Piezo again. So we will never know what it was going to do after that ~ 3 volt peak, but he’s letting it run again, and hopefully we’ll know what it does on the second run. Here’s the email I sent EE-B4 –>

Opps, you shorted it already? Then we won’t know what it was going to do. Oh well, if you short it, and then let it go back up, then the prediction is that the new peak will go below the previous one, which was ~ 3 volts. That’s what the diodes do. They peak, and if discharged, they peak again, but usually less. And the more power they produce, the more they drain. And when unloaded, they recover again. Marcus did that with his crystal batteries for several years, and as far as I know is still doing it. He says that after they rest, they’re as good as new. 

No problem. We’ll get a new peak, and then we’ll see if it oscillates near that peak and begins to slowly decay, or if it peaks and then immediately decays. What would be real cool is if it peaks at the same ~ 3 volts *again*, but I don’t expect that.

Can you let it go this time without discharge? Lets see what it does *far* after the peak.