Global Free Energy Blog

The end result of the recent magnetic experiments:

When two dissimilar materials come in contact, a junction is formed (conventional physics). This is the diode junction, and there exists an intense internal electric field. So when two dissimilar materials are in contact, a junction is formed. Such homemade diodes do not make good non-linear diodes for a lot of technical reasons, but still the internal electric field exists in such homemade diodes.

Piezos also have an intense internal electric field. So there is a correlation between diodes, piezos, and the recent experiments that are homemade diodes. It is believed that this internal electric field produces an effect that is responsible for the DC current & voltage. It was learned in the years of diode experiments that the DC voltage was relative to the diodes resistance; i.e., twice the resistance = twice the voltage. The reason is seen in the mysterious 10pA of current. Voltage is R * I, and if I is constant, then voltage is relative to the resistance.

Most of the homemade diodes produced hundreds of milli volts. The current was typically in the low nano volt region to high micro volt region, but this was initial current, not the stabilized *DC* current. For example, the last setup initially produced over 500pA, but the longer it was connected to a load, the load the current dropped. This morning it was down to 79pA, and is still dropping. It’s still unknown if it will stabilize at 10pA or continue to drop. It could go far below 10pA, which was seen in countless diodes due to being disturbed, but these diodes would go back up to 10pA when left undisturbed.

The 10pA may not sound to good for most people, but from my point of view it’s very important! The reason being is that I the diode and piezo represent the *fundamental* component. So this allows us to study the fundamental effect. Normally when such components are connected in parallel the current remains at 10pA, very unusual indeed! So the goal would be to find a way of getting such fundamental components to go beyond 10pA. This proves it’s not due to electrochemical reactions. Paralleling electrochemical batteries results in more current.

So far it appears the size of the diode or piezo is unimportant. I have a diode with a junction that’s ~ 1cm x 1cm square that produces no more DC current than a microscope diode. The homemade diode that’s ~ 10 cm square appears to be no better. This means that when we figure out how to *isolate* each component to go beyond the 10pA limit, then microscopic particles (components) can be used to make a normal size battery that produces voltage & high current. This is probably the result of Marcus Reid & John Hutchison are doing. IOW, part of the materials used in their crystal batteries is somehow isolating the individual particles to allow the current to go beyond 10pA.

There needs to be some form of *isolation* between each fundamental particle, and that’s the type of experiments I’ll be doing. Maybe it needs to be Johnson noise isolation. Maybe it needs to be high frequency temperature fluctuation isolation. Maybe it needs to be magnetic or electric fluctuation isolation. Who knows, but working with fundamental components is important.

The major problem with diodes was that they were exceptionally sensitive to external sources, which easily disturbed them. Even the slightest disturbance such as RFI or heat from the hands could disturb them. After weeks of testing the piezo element, it is conclusive that they are not sensitive like diodes. The piezo has been producing ~ 10 pA the entire time, even after being handled, touching the wires, applying external voltages from resistance meters, etc.

The volume of material in the piezo is exceptionally hundreds of times greater than the typical diode, which is most likely the reason for the improved stability.

It is becoming clear that the 10 pA constant is the minimum stabilized DC current from a non-disturbed component. If the component is disturbed, it produces less than 10 pA. To produce over 10 pA is simply done by allowing the undisturbed component to rest unloaded. In fact, to produce a maximum average DC power it’s probably advisable to never allow the component to reach the 1o pA level. This is accomplished by loading the component for awhile, unload it, load it, unloaded it, etc.

The Radio Shack piezo, part number 273-073, has been shorted, what, a few days now non-stop. Late last night I disconnected the piezo from the Kiethley picoamp meter and then quickly shorted to piezo. This morning the Kiethley was turned on and allowed to warm up for close to an hour, and then connected to the piezo again. It produced 8 pA, slowly went up to 12 pA, and seems to be slowly oscillating around 10 pA. So it’s seems clear that the piezo’s, and probably diodes as well, will produce DC current & voltage indefinitely!

That is great news! For now, I will refer to diodes, piezos, electrets, and crystal batteries as Electrets. So here is the way I see it so far, and time will tell for certain: Regardless of how many Electrets are placed in-series, or in-parallel, or how large or small each Electret is, when it has produced DC current long enough the current will  decay and settle to ~ 10 pA DC. Yet, this does not mean a larger component will not produce more overall power than a smaller one. This means that when the components are fully exhausted they will produce the same power, but the larger component will produce more initial power. A properly functioning Electret battery should never be allowed to be exhausted to 10 pA. The Electret battery when undisturbed would produce its maximum power, and over time the power will decrease. At such a point the Electret battery should be disconnected/unloaded to allow it to recover again. There could be two Electret components that switch where one is always recovering.

The recent link between the diode and crystal battery research is huge. Instead of having trillions of microscopic diodes fabricated on a chip, a much better method is to use a Electret with ultra high Pr, electric remanent polarization.

This means that anyone will be able to make such a device, by mixing the correct materials, melting it, applying the polarizing DC electric field, wait, and cool. Once cooled, wait ~ three weeks for the material to become undisturbed. That’s it, you have a device that provides endless usable amounts of power.

It appears all of the research is now becoming clear on a theoretical level. The research claims the key ingredient in the diode is the built in voltage due to the contact of two dissimilar materials. The research claims the key ingredient in the crystal batteries is the polarized molecules, an Electret. The difference being, that it requires highly specialized equipment to create microscopic diodes, but anyone can make a Electret battery.

IMO the main doubting issue in the crystal batteries was if it’s due to electrochemical reactions. The diode research has solved that since there are no measurable electrochemical reactions in diodes. Furthermore, that theory has been heavily tested. Diodes with larger contact area actually produce less stabilized DC power. Also, tests have shown that the diode would not accept a charged. Even Alkaline batteries accept a charge. Diodes do not. Then came the piezo, a pure polarized crystal that has no electrochemical reactions, that produced thousands of times more DC power than the best LED’s.

The electrochemical theory is dead. Given all of the present data that I’m aware of, it appears the major key is in finding materials with the highest Pr, remanent polarization. And to make an Electret battery last longer we want material with high Ec, coercivity. Higher Ec means that it will take ambient thermal energy longer to destroy the polarized electric field built into the material. This is akin to ambient thermal energy slowly demagnetizing a permanent magnet. All things decay over time, including NdFeB magnets. It might take thousands of years for ambient thermal energy to demagnetize the NdFeB magnet, but it will occur. Even subatomic particles eventually decay, as they have a life span. Materials with sufficient Ec will provide an Electret battery that will last a lifetime or longer.

How can you help? To start, please visit the threads at overunity.com forum on Crystal batteries, Marcus Reid, John Hutchison. Here’s a link to one of such threads, Crystal Power CeLL by John Hutchison. There you can find various people who have worked on such batteries. With enough help we can find the materials to build an Electret battery capable of producing a lot of DC power. We need people with perseverance, the new Thomas Edison’s, to start mixing and making such batteries! A lot of the batteries I read about in such forum threads are fully capable of lighting up an efficient LED.

The following is part of an email sent to someone who’s researched and built Crystal batteries. Note, diodes are also made with Crystals. Example, monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon. Months ago the diode research crossed paths with the Crystal battery (for lack of better term right now) research. Present research is now on piezo’s, and will probably switch to Electrets. We’ll have to see if the crystal state is the key, and/or if it’s due to the high built in electric field. In diodes, the built in field is typically 15 V/um, which comes to 12 V/um * 2 um = 24 V, where 2 um is the depletion width. For piezo’s it’s typically 0.25 V/um, which comes to 250 V for a 1 mm thick piezo. That is not to say such a diode with 2 um depletion width will produce 24 volts, but it’s a relative rating. That maximum DC voltage produced by a single diode was 1/3 of a volt, while the maximum DC voltage produced by a piezo was 3 volts.

As publicly stated in the past, when my diode research is complete, and proven to produce DC power when highly shield, then and only then will I begin thinking about starting a company to sell such devices. This does not violate my public statement, as the statement has always clearly stated that it is regarding my research.

It’s already safe to say that the diode has proven time after time to produce DC power when highly shielded, even within a cave far out in a rural area while inside two layers of metal shielding. So far various scientists have indeed confirmed my research, that the diode produces DC power inside metal shielding using an electrometer. The scientists I am referring to are scientists by profession. In fact, it was a professional EE that discovered that the piezo produces DC power while he was working on my diode research.

This does *not* mean I will now start a company to sell such batteries, as the research is *not* complete. The power levels are still far to low. One could only guesstimate when the research will reach a point where the devices produce enough to market, but my best guesstimate is that in 1/2 to 1 year from today the power levels could reach 100 mW. For the moment, such devices could light an LED for awhile, followed by a recover period, and repeated endlessly, or at least present data shows that the devices will always recover. Theoretically, a device that continually lights the LED would be made of multiple units that take turns producing the power. Presently there are two methods of lighting the LED. One is by allowing an undisturbed LED array to charge a low leakage capacitor, and then discharging that across an efficient LED. A better method is to connect an undisturbed piezo element to an LED. For the moment, the amount of light produced is exceptionally low, so the person should be inside a dark room. As always, such experiments have been conducted in highly shielded environments.

As to where *most* of the energy comes from is still unknown, although I have a theory & hypothesis. The diode most likely rectifies Johnson noise, but due to the extremely low bandwidth of most diodes at so-called thermal equilibrium the DC voltage from such rectification is most likely lower than we can detect. This is still unknown. It’s unknown if the energy is from ambient thermal energy, but it appears the main effect is *not* due to the rectification of Johnson noise. A new hypothesis, that is looking interesting so far, shows there is a continuous unknown flow of energy from the positively charged particle to the negative, that slowly builds up over time, that has a small effect on charged particles such as electrons. Such a flow of unknown energy might slowly dragging the electrons to produce current and potential.