Global Free Energy Blog

This is such an exciting moment for me!!! Maybe I should wait another day to be certain before celebrating, but it’s looking great so far. Would you believe I’m celebrating over 10pA? That is correct, a few minutes ago the homemade diode was producing 10pA DC current!!!

This is so important for the research. It means we do not need any fancy or expensive diodes, piezos, electrets, etc. It means *all* undisturbed matter produces ~ 10pA of DC current so long as the net circuit resistance is low enough. For example, if the resistance of the junction (contact between dissimilar materials) is say 10 ohms, and you want to measure this 10pA of current, then the resistance of the rest of the circuit (e.g., your meter or a shunt resistor) must be appreciable less than 10 ohms. That’s why it’s extremely difficult to see this current in ordinary matter. To see this effect it’s best to use an insulator.

Lets say we take three fine powders and mix them together. One of powders act as insulator; e.g., quartz. The other two are the dissimilar elements. Bond the particles together with heat. Once cooled down and allowed to recover, within the mixture exists microscopic current loops of ~ 10pA.

So how do you get the currents to align. That is simple. While the materials are heated up to the proper temperature, an intense electric field is applied. If the field is intense enough, and the temperature is correct, the electric junctions (dissimilar materials) will physically align given enough time This is an exact description of the Crystal batteries made by Marcus Reid & John Hutchison.

Once the homemade diode is finally confirmed as producing a stabilized 10pA DC current, the final goal is to find a material that will properly isolate the microscopic electric junctions while still allow for DC current.

Outline: On Friday, 2009/10/16, I ordered 50 piezo elements, and 10 electrets to start a new line of experiments to understand and break the mysterious 10 pA barrier.

The diodes & piezos produce sufficient voltage, over 3 volts for piezos, and over 1/3 of a volt for diodes. The passive components are able to store up energy, enough to flash an LED, but when it comes to producing a continuous DC current, the limit so far has been ~ 10 pA regardless of the components size. Also it appears that directly parallel such components is also limited to 10 pA, but further experiments are needed to verify this. The diode experiments have shown that two diodes in parallel produce half the DC voltage. This is a problem. The goal of the following experiments is to break this mysterious 10 pA barrier.

The problem this research has encountered is the incredibly long duration of each experiment, lasting months per experiments. After extensive experiments, I can safely say that shielded piezo’s produce DC current & voltage. Other scientists have verified this. See Unknown energy flow between charges for the correlation between diodes, piezos, and other areas.

The two main theories to explain this are found in the Theories section of this blog site –> Peering into the diode, High voltage experiments, and Unknown energy flow between charges.

It is now time to understand and break the mysterious 10 pA DC barrier. Therefore, with the help of some saved up money, on Friday I ordered 50 piezo elements, and 10 electrets. These are not the Radio Shack piezo elements. Radio Shack piezo elements cost $2. The ones that will arrive this week cost ~ $0.50 each. So the first experiment will be to see how well these piezo elements perform; i.e., how much DC voltage they produce, and to see if they can flash the efficient LED ~ 1 to 2 times per day.

Once that experiments is complete, the main experiment will be to connect a large high frequency inductor between each piezo, all connected in parallel, to see if it will break the 10 pA barrier. Each inductor will be between each piezo in hopes of isolating enough parallel noise between each piezo. This experiment, initially, will consist up to maybe a 1/2 dozen piezos & inductors at first. The inductors will be made with high frequency Metgal crystalline & amorphous magnetic cores. As usual, everything will be contained inside a thick Hammond Aluminum diecast metal chassis.

The following is in reference to the High voltage experiment.

Not sure how accurate this is, but here’s the calculation for the current that 1300 volts would produce through the plastic –>

Voltage source: 1300 volts

Total thickness of plastic: ~ 3e-3 m  (3 mm)

Area of plastic: 5e-2 * 5e-2  (5 cm x 5 cm) = 2.5e-3 m^2

Plastic resistivity: ~ 1e+20 ohm-m

Total resistance = 1e+20 ohm-m * 3e-3 m / 2.5e-3 m^2 = 1.2e+20 ohms

Current: 1300 V / 1.2e+20 ohms = 1.1e-17 amps

So according to that, the current should be no higher than 1.1e-17 amps, yet for ~ a month it was a few nano amps. That means for ~ a month the current was ~ 200 million times higher.

It’s been running for several months now, and just an hour ago it was 30 pA, which is 3 million times higher. We’ll have to see if it behaves like diodes & piezos, which is stabilize at ~ 10 pA.

There might be some slight breakdown effect here in the plastic, but I’ve never seen any equations for that. The best way is probably to just measure the DC current leakage from the 1300 volt supply.

Below is a proposed high voltage experiment.

It appears there might be an unknown source of energy that flows between opposite electric charges, along the electric lines if you will. Read Unknown Energy on some correlations.

Within the diode & piezo exists an intense electric field, but the problem with these components is the resistance is extremely high, in the giga ohms. There are low resistance diodes, but the internal electric field at the junction is low in such diodes.

The Design

One obvious solution is to create an electric field by polarizing two metal plates, and use materials with low resistance, such as Graphite to produce high currents –>

The high voltage goes on the metal foil (purple), where the negative polarity goes on one metal foil, and the positive on the other metal foil. The metal foil should be completely surrounded by plastic or any non-conductive high voltage material. The above photo does not show the metal foil completely encased so as to show it. You could place a coat of silicon paste to completely seal the metal foil. These metal foil can be Aluminum foil. Inner metal foil is across the graphite plate, where two output wires come out. All metal foil can be Aluminum foil.

Experimental Results

Months ago I’ve been secretly running the above experiment, but a very cheap version due to lack of money. Hopefully someone will have more money to do a better version.

In my version, the voltage was only 1300 volts. I used a bunch of diodes and capacitors to build a voltage ladder, and ran 120 VAC (~ 170 Vpp) across the ladder. I did not have enough graphite required for this experiment for the inner solid graphite plate, so I used distilled water instead. The obvious problem with water is dealing with electrochemical reactions. Therefore, instead of metal foil, I bought a bunch of inexpensive small graphite rods from lead pencils and formed a thin solid graphite wall. The electrochemical reactions between distilled water and graphite is extremely low, and should not interfere with the results, but since there will be some residue on the parts from finger prints, etc. you will need to let everything sit & settle down for about one week. During this week most of the electrochemical reactions between the residue on the rods and water should be extinguished, or at least that’s how long it took in my experiment. So, during this week there should NO voltage on the outer metal foil. When the voltage across the output drops to lower than what you can measure, then you can apply the high voltage on the outer metal foil.

So, after waiting ~ a week, the output voltage was extremely low, and the 1300 volts was applied to the outer metal foil. The DC voltage did not change immediately, but slowly over time in began to gradually increase. It went to ~ 30 mV, and from there it began to slowly decline. That is, slowly, as in months. This peak, followed by a slow decline has been seen in diode & piezo experiments.

Since I’m using distilled water, which has high electrical resistance, I had to use a high resistance load of 10 Mohms. Yesterday the current was 0.1 mV DC, which comes to 10 pA!  There’s that magical 10 pA again, but I don’t think it has settled down yet because the day before it was ~ 5 mV (50 times higher). So far it has been oscillating up & down, but with a gradual slow decline. So over the next few days it will most likely bounce up again to a few milli volts. Hopefully … it will settle at ~ 10 pA. If  it does, then I’ll be celebrating, as that will show the same behavior as diodes & piezos. I don’t know why yet, but so far every diode & piezo I’ve tested while loaded has always settled at ~ 10 pA. Dozens of different meters have been used, and various methods. For example, a diode connected to just one thing, a low leakage 1.0 uF capacitor (discharged), both placed inside a thick metal shield for ~ 10 hours, opened metal shield and the measured voltage across the capacitor was 0.353 volts, which comes to ~ 10 pA.

In my cheap version, the distilled water container is ~ 1 cm thick, and ~ 5 cm x 5 cm wide. On the outside of each plastic container (1 x 5 x 5 cm) is a large plastic plate, about 13 cm by 13 cm wide, and one or two millimeters thick. On the outside of that is the thin Aluminum foil, about 5 cm x 5 cm wide.

Usable amounts of Power

So far experimental data has shown that the current produced by diodes & piezos is high initially, but settles down to 10 pA. Once you let the component rest inside shielding for awhile, it’s capable of producing higher current again for awhile. Therefore perhaps it’s best the never allow it to reach the 1o pA level. Instead of leaving the load on all the top, load the device for awhile, remove the load, apply load, remove load, etc.

Guaranteed to work

Getting the DC current & voltage on the output is extremely easily. No tinkering around is required. Although I have not confirmed if this voltage & current is due to any ion leakage from the high voltage. I do not think so because of how extraordinarily slow the rise in voltage occurs, and because the voltage on the output foil gradually decreases over time.

So it’s guaranteed to work; i.e., produce current & voltage. The question is, what’s causing it.

The Radio Shack piezo, part number 273-073, has been shorted, what, a few days now non-stop. Late last night I disconnected the piezo from the Kiethley picoamp meter and then quickly shorted to piezo. This morning the Kiethley was turned on and allowed to warm up for close to an hour, and then connected to the piezo again. It produced 8 pA, slowly went up to 12 pA, and seems to be slowly oscillating around 10 pA. So it’s seems clear that the piezo’s, and probably diodes as well, will produce DC current & voltage indefinitely!

That is great news! For now, I will refer to diodes, piezos, electrets, and crystal batteries as Electrets. So here is the way I see it so far, and time will tell for certain: Regardless of how many Electrets are placed in-series, or in-parallel, or how large or small each Electret is, when it has produced DC current long enough the current will  decay and settle to ~ 10 pA DC. Yet, this does not mean a larger component will not produce more overall power than a smaller one. This means that when the components are fully exhausted they will produce the same power, but the larger component will produce more initial power. A properly functioning Electret battery should never be allowed to be exhausted to 10 pA. The Electret battery when undisturbed would produce its maximum power, and over time the power will decrease. At such a point the Electret battery should be disconnected/unloaded to allow it to recover again. There could be two Electret components that switch where one is always recovering.

The recent link between the diode and crystal battery research is huge. Instead of having trillions of microscopic diodes fabricated on a chip, a much better method is to use a Electret with ultra high Pr, electric remanent polarization.

This means that anyone will be able to make such a device, by mixing the correct materials, melting it, applying the polarizing DC electric field, wait, and cool. Once cooled, wait ~ three weeks for the material to become undisturbed. That’s it, you have a device that provides endless usable amounts of power.

It appears all of the research is now becoming clear on a theoretical level. The research claims the key ingredient in the diode is the built in voltage due to the contact of two dissimilar materials. The research claims the key ingredient in the crystal batteries is the polarized molecules, an Electret. The difference being, that it requires highly specialized equipment to create microscopic diodes, but anyone can make a Electret battery.

IMO the main doubting issue in the crystal batteries was if it’s due to electrochemical reactions. The diode research has solved that since there are no measurable electrochemical reactions in diodes. Furthermore, that theory has been heavily tested. Diodes with larger contact area actually produce less stabilized DC power. Also, tests have shown that the diode would not accept a charged. Even Alkaline batteries accept a charge. Diodes do not. Then came the piezo, a pure polarized crystal that has no electrochemical reactions, that produced thousands of times more DC power than the best LED’s.

The electrochemical theory is dead. Given all of the present data that I’m aware of, it appears the major key is in finding materials with the highest Pr, remanent polarization. And to make an Electret battery last longer we want material with high Ec, coercivity. Higher Ec means that it will take ambient thermal energy longer to destroy the polarized electric field built into the material. This is akin to ambient thermal energy slowly demagnetizing a permanent magnet. All things decay over time, including NdFeB magnets. It might take thousands of years for ambient thermal energy to demagnetize the NdFeB magnet, but it will occur. Even subatomic particles eventually decay, as they have a life span. Materials with sufficient Ec will provide an Electret battery that will last a lifetime or longer.

How can you help? To start, please visit the threads at overunity.com forum on Crystal batteries, Marcus Reid, John Hutchison. Here’s a link to one of such threads, Crystal Power CeLL by John Hutchison. There you can find various people who have worked on such batteries. With enough help we can find the materials to build an Electret battery capable of producing a lot of DC power. We need people with perseverance, the new Thomas Edison’s, to start mixing and making such batteries! A lot of the batteries I read about in such forum threads are fully capable of lighting up an efficient LED.